Decreased output by PFLEIDERER

Reduced energy transmission is expressed by decreased output coefficient p:

This coefficient can be empirically calculated in dependence of experience number ψ':

static moment from leading to trailing edge

experience number

experience number a:
Radial impeller	with guided vanes	a = 0.6
	with volute	a = 0.65…0.85
	with plain diffusor	a = 0.85…1.0
Mixed flow/axial impeller		a = 1.0 …1.2
(the numbers are valid for sufficiently high Re; ψ’ strongly grows with small Re)

More descriptive is the decreased output factor kL:

(kL=1: for flow congruent to blade)

Circumferential component of the flow, which is congruent to blade, can be calculated as follows:

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